We're gearing up to start promoting Caleb Klauder's brand new album, Western Country. As the frontman of Foghorn Stringband, Caleb has played a defining role in the Northwest's rich acoustic music scene, and we're huge fans of his dry-dusty voice and straight-ahead delivery. Plus we've been delighted to discover what a great songwriter he is! His country songs drip with honky-tonk emotion, and sound like they could be rolling out of a run-down old juke joint full of Okies during the Depression.

Well, we're not the only ones to take notice, and Caleb was recently invited to perform live on KEXP in Seattle. He brought along master Cajun dancehall musicians Joel Savoy and Jesse Lege.  They all joined forces in the studio and mixed up a red-hot session of Cajun Honky-Tonk music. Word now is that they had so much fun that they're taking their act on the road!

Listen to Songs from the In Studio, or the Whole Event
 

KEXP was kind enough to put together some thoroughly kickass videos from the in studio, so you can see the magic (you can even watch in HD!):

 Caleb Klauder Band LIVE at KEXP: Worn Out Shoes

Jesse Lége & Joel Savoy w/the Caleb Klauder Country Band: Ouvre La Porte

Caleb Klauder Country Band w/Joel Savoy: Hole in My Heart

Jesse Lége & Joel Savoy: Valse d'Orpheline

Hearth Music is proud to announce our first VIP publicity mailing campaign. The VIP mailings go out to a select number of grade-A media contacts in the US and Canada and feature CDs that we love and handpick. It's our way to help great musicians get their music out to the world. Check out the featured artists for the June/July VIP mailing:

Ruthie Dornfeld:  Duets Abroad

"Mazurka" from Duets Abroad

 

Master fiddler Ruthie Dornfeld has had one of the most varied careers in traditional folk music. Each album release is different from her last, but as much as Ruthie is known for her boldly original ability to marry different musical traditions, she is also known for her impeccable choice in collaborators. A summary of her musical partners over the past two decades includes guitarist Keith Murphy, accordionist Jeremiah McLane, harmonica player Joel Bernstein, folk instrumentalist John Miller, and countless great musicians from Scandinavia and Western Europe. Ruthie is a deeply eclectic musician who straddles many borders in her music, but brings the same focus and integrity to every tradition she studies. When listening to her music, national boundaries blur together and a new image arises: acoustic world-time music driven by a simple passion for good tunes.

Cort Armstrong:  Chicken Pickin'

"I Don't Mind" from Chicken Pickin'

 

We’re especially excited about the new CD from chicken-pickin’ guitarist/songwriter Cort Armstrong. He’s been one of the best-kept secrets in the Pacific Northwest for quite a few years now and we’re happy to help spread the word about his songs. Cort first came to our attention with his Appalachian “Molassagrass” band, Jangle Bones. They had a great vision of Appalachian mountain music. Unlike most bands, which focus on the relatively small tradition of “old-time” music, Jangle Bones played anything from juke joint country blues, to fiddle tunes, gospel songs, ragtime guitar; their credo was mountain music for mountain people. Cort brings this same philosophy to his new solo release, Chicken Pickin’, named for his signature style of guitar playing. His “heavy-thumb” fingerpicking style evokes both the driving, rolling sound of Rev Gary Davis and the syncopation of Merle Travis. Cort blends these country and blues influences together into a sound that is entirely at home both in Asheville, NC, where he’s made his home, and Washington State’s Olympic Peninsula, where he currently lives. Both regions are home to powerful mountain ranges and Cort channels this mountain music in all of his work.

Dejah Léger:  Hand Sewn Lullabies

"Swedish Lullaby" from Hand Sewn Lullabies

 

When singer-songwriter and traditional musician Dejah Leger became a mother, she realized how few authentic, subtle lullaby CDs suited her tastes. In response, she created a refreshingly honest and relaxing lullaby collection. She recorded this album in one afternoon using just guitar and voice. Harmonies woven throughout bring to mind a gathering of mothers singing to a child, and the guitar work is rich and varied. Drawing from her French-Canadian music sources (she is also in the Acadian group La Famille Leger), Dejah sings in archaic French for two berceuses. Her a cappella rendition of All the Pretty Horses is haunting, as is her eery and enchanting Swedish Lullaby. Her musical rendering of the classic poem "Wynken, Blynken and Nod" is already being requested by cover artists, and she even throws on a new song that she wrote for her daughter. Add in the bittersweet rendering of Charlotte's Web's "Mother Earth and Father Time" and you have a lullaby CD that will become a household favorite.

This article originally appeared as a column in the June issue of the Victory Music Review.

As a musician and a scholar, I’m fascinated by how music is passed on from generation to generation. I learned the fiddle from my father, and grew up around stories of his days busking in the streets of Europe and hanging around his local old-time jam sessions. Having shared the folk revival belief that many traditions were in danger of dying out, I’ve been gratified to see new generations stepping up to the plate to embrace them.

For this month’s column, I interviewed Josh Rabie of the Water Tower Bucket Boys. Josh plays fiddle and guitar, and co-wrote a number of the songs on their new album Sole Kitchen. Banjo player Cory Goldman, mandolin/guitarist Kenny Feinstein, and ex-punk-rocker bassist Walter Spencer round out the group. I work with the Boys professionally, but I’m also a huge fan of their music. Their particular blend of old-time/bluegrass picking mashed up with punk and jazz influences is wild on stage, and the fact that they are first and foremost folk virtuosos has endeared them to me. Josh’s fiddling has been especially influential to me, and I thought he’d have a unique perspective, having discovered folk music and given his life over to it at a fairly young age. I transcribed the interview from an informal phone conversation.

Interview with Josh Rabie of The Water Tower Bucket Boys

Devon Leger: When did you start fiddling? Was that your first instrument, and what led you to the fiddle?

Josh Rabie: Fiddle, started five years ago. First played guitar, started getting into blues and old-time, then I wanted to learn banjo, and then fiddle. Before blues and old-time, I just kind of played pop songs and new-age rock, like Nirvana and Green Day. And Jimi Hendrix. I was really into Jimi Hendrix. I had a shrine to Jimi Hendrix in my room. My parents were going to send me away because of it. They thought it was creepy.
 

DL: What drew you into the old-time music community?

JR: In high school, I was fifteen years old and I heard Sophie Vitells and Gabby McRae playing old-time music in the halls and I wanted to play with them. Actually, the Government Issue Orchestra did a demonstration at our high school. Immediately I was like, “Oh my God!” I started getting into flatpicking bluegrass guitar first and then playing backup for old-time.

Tennessee Mountain Fox Chase: Water Tower Bucket Boys

 

DL: How do you think the folk revival generation has accepted this next generation of musicians? Do you feel like your career and your music has been supported by the folk revivalists, or have you hit a lot of walls trying to get through to people?

JR: They’ve been really supportive. Even when we do the crossover stuff, like punk-rock stuff, people are good to us. We want to be able to do a little bit of everything: Cajun, old-time, bluegrass, swing. Kenny has a sitar, we want to do Indian music eventually. I’ve always wanted to start a reggae band. I feel like traditional music has a lot of barriers and rules, and with Water Tower we’ve always been like, “Fuck the rules, let’s just do what we want to do.”

DL: What are your main fiddling influences?

JR: Sammy Lind. The big one. Definitely a lot of bluegrass fiddlers, like Kenny Baker and anyone that played with Bill Monroe. John Ashby. Dewey Balfa. Definitely Courtney Granger. When I first him I almost started bawling, like, “This is what I want to sound like.”

Other people in Portland like Caleb Klauder. I’ve always looked up to him, as far as learning how to sing and learning how to be a competent musician.
 

DL: Do you think it's possible to get the same level of inspiration from a local old-time fiddler in Portland as you could from "source" musicians like Tommy Jarrell?

JR: Oh yeah. I did! What drew me to old-time music was Foghorn Stringband. When I first heard Sammy’s fiddling, I was like, “Oh my God”. I’d never heard anything like that. I got into Tommy Jarrell later. I draw a lot of inspiration from the local old-time fiddlers. A recording is good, but to actually see them or hear them is more valuable.

DL: Old-Time vs. Bluegrass: Gloves-off bare knuckle boxing match... Who wins?

JR: Really, is that the question? Awesome! I go back and forth so much. They both KO each other. I love ’em both. First it was bluegrass, then old-time, then bluegrass, then old-time. I love everything about them. I hate the snob that will only play one. I think you can take elements of both and add to each one to make them better.
 

DL: What are your non-old-time musical influences? How do you incorporate the swagger and attitude of modern rock/pop/hip-hop/punk into your music?

JR: Number one for me is the Velvet Underground. I think they’re my favorite band of all time. And also Bob Dylan, and also Spaceman 3. In Water Tower, we all listen to all kinds of different music and we want to write our own songs based on inspiration from those other genres.

Heaven: Water Tower Bucket Boys (comp. Rabie)

DL: What's your take on old-time/bluegrasss musicians who wear their pop/hip-hop/punk influences on their sleeves? Like the Carolina Chocolate Drops covering Tupac Shakur, or Nickel Creek covering Britney Spears.

JR: I think it’s cool. Why not? Why the fuck not? I don’t have any expectations or rules for anybody or any band. I love covers. We’re starting to do covers of all kinds of songs. Old ’90s songs from Sugar Ray. Punk bands like the Misfits and Rancid. ’Cause really we’re all kind of punk rockers at heart.

Josh’s experiences with old-time music mirror my own. Although I grew up hearing old-time music, I had actually gravitated away from it. Foghorn Stringband brought me back again. I’d never heard that kind of ferocity in old-time music before! Living in such a rich, local old-time scene, it was easy to start learning tunes from great musicians in Seattle. Like Josh, I value the tunes I learned directly from Northwest sources much more than tunes I learn from recordings. That might be the ultimate legacy of the folk revival: the ability to play folk music with good friends in communities far removed from the music’s origins. After all, music transcends borders, and good music is good music no matter where you are.

Read the original article here.
 

The Wake the Dead concert tonight (06/05) at Phinney Ridge is SOLD OUT!  Thanks to everyone who bought tickets. Unfortunately, we can't fit anyone else in, though if you're desperate to see this concert, try stopping by at intermission (8:30 or 9pm) to see if any seats have opened up.  See you tonight, it's gonna be an amazing concert.

AND: Hearth Music is proud to announce that we will be adding more concerts to our Concert Page, so stay tuned.

AND: Have you heard about the Seattle Folk Festival yet?  That's right, we're startng up the first-ever Seattle Folk Festival in December 2010. Better sign up to our mailing list to keep in the loop.

Now we know that many of you have already downloaded your schedule for the 2010 Northwest Folklife Festival, highlighted it until you ran out of ink, and are planning to see 500 events in 4 days before ultimately collapsing in a heap on Tuesday.  But for those of you who are a bit overwhelmed by the size of the Festival (800+bands, 25+ stages, 74 acres, countless buskers, crowds of 250,000 people), here's a quick guide to what we're looking forward to this weekend at the Northwest Folklife Festival. 

Friday, May 28

Vintage Jazz Showcase: Center House Theatre, 4:00-6:30pm
This is one of the best venues at Folklife. Comfy seats, intimate performances and dead silence! Wonderful! And this lineup of the very best vintage jazz ensembles in town will have your toes tappin'. We're looking forward to Hot Club Sandwich, who just gave a wonderful concert for the Seattle Folklore Society. The band is red-hot and each member brings a distinct personality to the group. It makes for a great time.

Deja Vu: Hot Club Sandwich (comp. Greg Ruby)

Tractor Tavern Urban Square Dance: Center House Court, 7:00-10:00pm
The Northwest's hot square dance scene has multiple generations of old-time music fans bumping shoulders and spinning around the dance floor. It's exhilarating and exciting and just great to know that the old fiddle tunes are finding new life. We're especially excited about Rabbit Foot. This mostly-grrrl stringband absolutely rips on their instruments, with high-0ctane fiddle/banjo tunes played with surprising ferocity. Great stuff!

Billy in the Lowground: Rabbit Foot (we LOVE this track!)


Gumar & His Magical Midi Band: Mural Amphitheatre, 9:30pm
We don't really know much about Gumar & His Magical Midi Band, but we do know that he throws insane robot raves in town, and hand-makes cardboard instruments for audience members to play along with. Sometimes giving an eccentric band like this a headlining spot on the Mural Amphitheatre can have magical consequences that converge to make a perfect Folklife moment. We're betting this will be the case. Rain or shine.
 

Saturday, May 29

Fiddler's Showcase: Charlotte Martin Theatre, 11:00am-2:00pm
We've always loved the Fiddler's Showcase. Not only does it feature master and elder fiddlers from Washington State, but it's often an excuse to pull a killer fiddler out of a band to showcase their playing. This year, Karen England, the Northwest's powerhouse Cajun fiddler, will kick it off. We're also looking forward to Linda Danielson, who has a large knowledge of Oregon fiddling traditions, Paul Anastasio, who will focus on the fiddling of his mentor, jazz genus Joe Venuti, and our favorite fiddlin' bad boy, Josh Rabie of the Water Tower Bucket Boys. And don't forget to catch them Bucket Boys closing out the sweet New Old Time Showcase, Saturday night from 7-10pm.

Tennessee Mountain Fox Chase: The Water Tower Bucket Boys (Josh Rabie, fiddle)


Armstrong Lawton Katz/The Bobs/Baby Gramps: Fisher Green Stage, 4:00-6:00pm
This isn't a special show, just a sweet lineup that's worth braving the rain. Armstrong Lawton Katz are one of our favorite bands in Seattle. They've got some kind of folkie x-factor to their music. We just love every band these folks have been in and we're happy they're all in the same band now! The Bobs are a well-loved vocal a cappella ensemble with a crazy eclectic repertoire, and Baby Gramps is a Northwest legend. His music is impossible to describe (navel-gazing, foot-stomping, dust-collecting, tuvan throat singing, gutbucket blues?) and he's also the only Folklife performer that we know of who's performed on David Letterman's Late Night show!

Baby Gramps on Letterman!


Tugboat Show: Acoustic Stage (Shaw Room), 7:00-8:30pm
OK, I guess we're a bit biased about this show. Since the people putting together this cool CD of NW Tugboat song asked Dejah Leger to contribute her gorgeous song, Mary D Hume, about the Gold Beach, OR tugboat of the same name. Have a listen here and you can even download a quick mp3!

Mary D Hume: Dejah Leger


Folk-Punk Showcase: Fountain Lawn, 6:30-9:00pm
No matter how much of a hardcore folkie you may be, you've gotta admit that the boys in Blackbird Raum are our best hope for the future of folk music! Playing as an acoustic stringband, they put out more sound and raw power than a fuckin' freight train, and they've been known to stage dive WHILE PLAYING THE ACCORDION! You thought folk music was about earnest lyrics and mellow guitar picking?  Guess again!  This is Woody Guthrie's folk music: brave, dirty, scary and just plain impressive. Music that KILLS FASCISTS! If you prefer the Seeger version of Surrounding Hate and Forcing it to Something or Other..., feel free to move on to another stage. But we'll be there stomping in the mud with the rest of the new folk!

Sunday, May 30
Old-Time Kitchen Party, Northwest Court, 3:00-6:00pm
This show is what Folklife should be all about. Great acoustic roots musicians from around the NW, coming together in duos and trios to really delve into their favorite tunes and songs. Played before an audience of friends, family and connaisseurs, this intimate parlor old-time music will be mighty refreshing. Plus you can't beat the bands! $4 Shoe and Squirrel Butter are featured on Hearth Music's Listening Lounge, The Zygote Brothers marks a return to old-time for uber-mtn-dulcimer interpreter Mark Nelson, the Parlour Hoppers are dreamy and feature Ethan Lawton again, and it's impossible not to fall in love with old-timey duo WB Reid & Bonnie Zahnow.

Didn't He Ramble: $4 Shoe



Celtic Showcase, Northwest Court, 7:00-10:00pm
The Northwest Court returns to it's roots and goes full-tilt Celtic for the rest of the evening.  Our family band, La Famille Leger, will kick it off with rare and lovely Acadian dance party tunes from Eastern Canada, followed by young fiddling phenom Jocelyn Pettit.  Hearth Music artist Colleen Raney debuts at Folklife (how can this be? she's probably the best Irish singer on the West Coast and frickin' Hanz Araki is in her band!).  Gaelica closes the evening with a mighty agreeable blend of Celtic traditional tunes and songs.

Monday, May 31

Forget what everyone says, Mondays at Folklife are the BEST! Usually, the sun is out all day, the crowds have died down, and everyone's so tired that they've reached a kind of zen levitation to their music that you usually only find at the end of all-night jam sessions. 

Family Band Showcase, Fisher Green, 11:00am-2:00pm
Treat yourself to an wonderfully positive perspective on folk and traditional music today. These families make music the old-fashioned way for the sheer fun of playing music with those you love. Warning: this show might get a little weepy! Bring a hanky and a blanky and lay out on the grass (in the sun, right?).

Chill Out Show, Folklife Cafe, 5:30-8:00pm
As we all know, Monday at Folklife means tired feet. And tired body. And tired everything. This show was scheduled with you in mind. Kick your feet back and gently drift off to beautiful music. Our own Dejah Leger kicks it off with her unique and gorgeous versions of traditional lullabies.

Reggae legend Clinton Fearon

Roots Reggae Party, Mural Amphitheatre, 6:00-9:00pm
We've always said that Clinton Fearon's closing set in the Monday night Reggae show is the PERFECT way to end out the Festival. An old-school musician from back in 1970s Jamaica, Clinton's positive and uplifting lyrics, great stage presence, and fun fun beats always hit the spot for us at the end of a long, intense Festival. Clinton's music bring out the best in Folklife and in the Folklife crowds.
 

Clinton Fearon @ Folklife

So there's our totally biased guide to the 2010 Northwest Folklife Festival. Of course, the best part of Folklfe is wandering around and making your own discoveries, so use this guide for inspiration only and be sure to find your own Folklife Festival!

And for some other guides:
The Stranger's "Guide" To Folklife
Victory Music Review's Guide to Folklife





 

Today's theme is ALL-FOLKLIFE!  That's right, everyone we're playing on the show will be performing at the 2010 Northwest Folklife Festival this weekend, May 28-31.  Check out these hot bands and get geared up for Folklife, the largest community arts festival in the nation. And remember, if you decide to drive for hours to go to the Sasquatch Festival instead of Folklife, the oil spills win!

[Song Title/Artist]

Old Man of the Sea: Baby Gramps
     Saturday - 05/29
     Fisher Green Stage 05:30 PM - 06:00 PM
John Kanaka: North By West
     Saturday - 05/29
     Northwest Court Stage 05:30 PM - 06:00 PM
     Part of " Maritime Showcase " - 03:00 PM - 06:00 PM
Mary D Hume: Dejah Leger (click to download)
     Saturday - 05/29
     Acoustic Stage (Shaw Room) 07:00 PM - 08:30 PM
     Part of " Tugboat Show " - 07:00 PM - 08:30 PM
Sand Mountain Blues: Cliff Perry & Laurel Bliss
      Saturday - 05/29
      Bagley Wright Theatre 07:00 PM - 07:40 PM
      Part of " Bluegrass: Hot Pickin’ and Harmonies " - 07:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Cumberland Gap: Roy Caudill & Henry Vanoy
      From Phil & Vivian Williams' research on Washington Fiddle
      Sunday - 05/30
      Roadhouse 02:40 PM - 03:10 PM
      Part of " WA Fiddle & Dance Showcase " - 02:00 PM - 04:00 PM
Billy in the Low Ground: Rabbit Foot
     Friday - 05/28
     Center House Court 08:00 PM - 08:50 PM
     Part of " Tractor Tavern Urban Square Dance " - 07:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Roll Onto the Floor: Water Tower Bucket Boys
     Saturday - 05/29
     Northwest Court Stage 09:20 PM - 10:00 PM
     Part of " Raisin' A Ruckus: New Old-Time Bands " - 07:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Chitlin' Cookin' Time in Cheatham County: WB Reid & Bonnie Zahnow
     Sunday - 05/30
     Northwest Court Stage 04:55 PM - 05:25 PM
     Part of " Old-Time Kitchen Party " - 03:00 PM - 06:00 PM
Yew Piney Mountains/Kaw River: Karen England
     Saturday - 05/29
     Charlotte Martin Theatre 11:00 AM - 11:20 AM
     Part of " Fiddlers Showcase " - 11:00 AM - 02:00 PM
Walk Along John To Kansas: The Tallboys
      Friday - 05/28
       Center House Court 09:00 PM - 09:50 PM
       Part of " Tractor Tavern Urban Square Dance " - 07:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Reel des Deshotels: Sacalait
      Saturday - 05/29
       Roadhouse 02:00 PM - 02:50 PM
      Part of " Louisiana Roadhouse " - 02:00 PM - 05:00 PM
I Can't Believe You're In Love With Me: Hot Club Sandwich
      Friday - 05/28
      Center House Theatre 06:00 PM - 06:30 PM
      Part of " Vintage Jazz " - 04:00 PM - 06:30 PM
I Don't Mind: Cort Armstrong
      Sunday - 05/30
      Alki Court Stage 06:30 PM - 07:00 PM
How Can A Poor Man Stand Such Times and Live*: RedDog
      Sunday - 05/30
      Folklife Cafe 03:30 PM - 04:00 PM
Hello Stranger*: Armstrong Lawton Katz
      Saturday - 05/29
      Fisher Green Stage 04:00 PM - 04:30 PM
Didn't He Ramble: $4 Shoe
      Sunday - 05/30
      Northwest Court Stage 05:30 PM - 06:00 PM
      Part of " Old-Time Kitchen Party " - 03:00 PM - 06:00 PM
Muddy Creek: Squirrel Butter
      Sunday - 05/30
      Northwest Court Stage 03:35 PM - 04:05 PM
     Part of " Old-Time Kitchen Party " - 03:00 PM - 06:00 PM
Louis Collins: RedDog
     See Above
Limerick/The Butler's/Sophie's: Hanz Araki (playing w/Colleen Raney)
The Barring of the Door: Colleen Raney
Fair Margaret & Sweet William: Colleen Raney
     Sunday - 05/30
     Northwest Court Stage 08:30 PM - 09:05 PM
     Part of " Celtic Showcase " - 07:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Celina: George Penk/Clyde Curley/Susan Songer (The Portland Conglomeration)
     Monday - 05/31
     Roadhouse 07:00 PM - 07:50 PM
     Part of " Raging Contra Closeout " - 05:00 PM - 09:00 PM
Moccasin Shuffle/Louis Cyr: La Famille Léger
     Sunday - 05/30
     Northwest Court Stage 07:00 PM - 07:35 PM
     Part of " Celtic Showcase " - 07:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Miller of Drone: The McKassons
     Sunday - 05/30
     Fountain Lawn Stage 01:40 PM - 02:10 PM
Crock of Gold/Palmer's Gate/Bridgewater Corners: Hanz Araki
     See Above
Det Var en Lørdag Aften: Morten Alfred Høirup (playing w/Ruthie Dornfeld)
     Monday - 05/31
     Fisher Green Stage 04:50 PM - 05:20 PM
Gånglå Från Ore Efter Timas Hans: Nils Olof Soderback
      Whoops, I guess he's not playing this year. But he's pretty amazing anyway!
The Wind (Dead Soldiers)*: Amateur Radio Operator
     Saturday - 05/29
     Vera Stage 05:20 PM - 05:50 PM
     Part of " Indie Rock with Roots " - 04:00 PM - 07:30 PM
Get Ready: The Gladiators
Livin' Is An Art: Clinton Fearon
     Clinton was a member of 1970s Jamaican group, The Gladiators
     Monday - 05/31
     Mural Amphitheatre 08:15 PM - 08:50 PM
    Part of " Roots Reggae Party " - 06:00 PM - 09:00 PM
Great Day: Pastor Pat Wright & Thione Diop
     Total Experience Gospel Choir:
         Monday - 05/31
         Mural Amphitheatre 01:20 PM - 02:00 PM
         Part of " Gospel Showcase " - 11:00 AM - 02:00 PM
     Thione Diop:
          Saturday - 05/29
         Mural Amphitheatre 06:30 PM - 07:00 PM
Brake Drum: Pufferfish
     Saturday - 05/29
     Vera Stage 04:40 PM - 05:10 PM
     Part of " Indie Rock with Roots " - 04:00 PM - 07:30 PM
Dutty Gun: Clinton Fearon
     See Above
Hot Coals: Orkestar Zirkonium
     Friday - 05/28
     Fountain Lawn Stage 07:50 PM - 08:20 PM
     Part of " Balkan Bash " - 06:30 PM - 09:00 PM

ALSO: Be sure to grab a copy of Folklife's newest CD on their NW Roots & Branches label: Live from the 2009 Northwest Folklife Festival. Any track in this playlist w/an asterix next to the name is from this CD.